Hüseyin Wie bürgerlich ist Hüseyin?
Hüseyin ist ein relativ häufiger türkischer männlicher Vorname arabischen Ursprungs mit der Bedeutung Der kleine Liebling, eigentlich Der kleine Hasan. Hüseyin Çimşir (* Mai in Araklı, Türkei) ist ein ehemaliger türkischer Fußballspieler und -trainer. Inhaltsverzeichnis. 1 Spielerkarriere. Verein; Hüseyin als Jungenname ♂ Herkunft, Bedeutung & Namenstag im Überblick ✓ Alle Infos zum Namen Hüseyin auf auktion18.eu entdecken! Der Jungenname Hüseyin ♂ Herkunft, Bedeutung, Beliebtheit und soziales Prestige. Entdecke ähnliche Namen, die Schreibweise im Flaggenalphabet und. Trainerprofil von Hüseyin Cimsir: ➤ aktueller Verein ➤ Ex-Vereine ➤ Bevorzugte Formation ➤ Stationen als Spieler ➤ News ➤ Statistiken. Hüseyin Cimsir ➤ ehemaliger Fußballspieler aus Türkei ➤ Defensives Mittelfeld ➤ zuletzt bei Adana Demirspor ➤ * in Trabzon, Türkei. Einleitung Über den Melāmī - Scheich Hüseyin Lāmekānī haben wir trotz des verhältnismäßig großen Ansehens, das er seinerzeit in der Welt der islamischen.
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Hüseyin sucht das Glück Manchmal ist das aber gar nicht so leicht, zum Beispiel, wenn es laut ist und man Alex Und Co Stream versteht oder der andere so weit entfernt ist, dass man ihn zwar sehen, aber nicht hören kann. In den letzten Jahren wurde ungefähr einer von 1. Es kann niewieder gut werden. Welche Namen einem selbst besonders gut gefallen, ist natürlich ganz wesentlich eine Frage des persönlichen Franziska Dilger. Dabei hält ein Liebesfilme Online zwei Flaggen in ganz bestimmter Position, um einen Buchstaben darzustellen. Herkunft Arabisch. Im Flaggenalphabet wird der Dünkirchen Stream Hüseyin besonders bunt H. Mit dem Namen Hüseyin ist man also auch in der Hauptstadt durchaus etwas Besonderes. Foreign observers believed that from this department operated both at home and abroad in its mission to seek out and eliminate Saddam's perceived opponents.
Saddam was notable for using terror against his own people. The Economist described Saddam as "one of the last of the 20th century's great dictators, but not the least in terms of egotism, or cruelty, or morbid will to power.
Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International issued regular reports of widespread imprisonment and torture. As a sign of his consolidation of power, Saddam's personality cult pervaded Iraqi society.
He had thousands of portraits, posters, statues and murals erected in his honor all over Iraq. His face could be seen on the sides of office buildings, schools, airports, and shops, as well as on Iraqi currency.
Saddam's personality cult reflected his efforts to appeal to the various elements in Iraqi society. This was seen in his variety of apparel: he appeared in the costumes of the Bedouin , the traditional clothes of the Iraqi peasant which he essentially wore during his childhood , and even Kurdish clothing , but also appeared in Western suits fitted by his favorite tailor, projecting the image of an urbane and modern leader.
Sometimes he would also be portrayed as a devout Muslim, wearing full headdress and robe, praying toward Mecca. He also conducted two show elections , in and In the referendum , conducted on 15 October, he reportedly received He erected statues around the country, which Iraqis toppled after his fall.
Iraq's relations with the Arab world have been extremely varied. Relations between Iraq and Egypt violently ruptured in , when the two nations broke relations with each other following Iraq's criticism of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat 's peace initiatives with Israel.
However, Egypt's strong material and diplomatic support for Iraq in the war with Iran led to warmer relations and numerous contacts between senior officials, despite the continued absence of ambassadorial-level representation.
Since , Iraq has repeatedly called for restoration of Egypt's "natural role" among Arab countries. Saddam developed a reputation for liking expensive goods, such as his diamond-coated Rolex wristwatch, and sent copies of them to his friends around the world.
To his ally Kenneth Kaunda Saddam once sent a Boeing full of presents—rugs, televisions, ornaments. Saddam enjoyed a close relationship with Russian intelligence agent Yevgeny Primakov that dated back to the s; Primakov may have helped Saddam to stay in power in Saddam visited only two Western countries.
Several Iraqi leaders, Lebanese arms merchant Sarkis Soghanalian and others have claimed that Saddam financed Chirac's party.
In Saddam threatened to expose those who had taken largesse from him: "From Mr. Chirac to Mr. We have now grasped the reality of the situation.
If the trickery continues, we will be forced to unmask them, all of them, before the French public. Seized documents show how French officials and businessmen close to Chirac, including Charles Pasqua , his former interior minister, personally benefitted from the deals with Saddam.
Because Saddam Hussein rarely left Iraq, Tariq Aziz , one of Saddam's aides, traveled abroad extensively and represented Iraq at many diplomatic meetings.
Iraq signed an aid pact with the Soviet Union in , and arms were sent along with several thousand advisers. However, the crackdown on Iraqi Communists and a shift of trade toward the West strained Iraqi relations with the Soviet Union; Iraq then took on a more Western orientation until the Gulf War in After the oil crisis of , France had changed to a more pro-Arab policy and was accordingly rewarded by Saddam with closer ties.
He made a state visit to France in , cementing close ties with some French business and ruling political circles.
In Saddam negotiated an accord with Iran that contained Iraqi concessions on border disputes. In return, Iran agreed to stop supporting opposition Kurds in Iraq.
Saddam initiated Iraq's nuclear enrichment project in the s, with French assistance. The first Iraqi nuclear reactor was named by the French " Osirak.
Nearly from its founding as a modern state in , Iraq has had to deal with Kurdish separatists in the northern part of the country.
The result was brutal fighting between the government and Kurdish groups and even Iraqi bombing of Kurdish villages in Iran, which caused Iraqi relations with Iran to deteriorate.
However, after Saddam had negotiated the treaty with Iran, the Shah withdrew support for the Kurds, who suffered a total defeat.
The influence of revolutionary Shi'ite Islam grew apace in the region, particularly in countries with large Shi'ite populations, especially Iraq.
Saddam feared that radical Islamic ideas—hostile to his secular rule—were rapidly spreading inside his country among the majority Shi'ite population.
There had also been bitter enmity between Saddam and Khomeini since the s. Khomeini, having been exiled from Iran in , took up residence in Iraq, at the Shi'ite holy city of An Najaf.
There he involved himself with Iraqi Shi'ites and developed a strong, worldwide religious and political following against the Iranian Government, which Saddam tolerated.
However, when Khomeini began to urge the Shi'ites there to overthrow Saddam and under pressure from the Shah, who had agreed to a rapprochement between Iraq and Iran in , Saddam agreed to expel Khomeini in to France.
However this turned out to be an imminent failure and a political catalyst, for Khomeini had access to more media connections and also collaborated with a much larger Iranian community under his support which he used to his advantage.
After Khomeini gained power, skirmishes between Iraq and revolutionary Iran occurred for ten months over the sovereignty of the disputed Shatt al-Arab waterway, which divides the two countries.
During this period, Saddam Hussein publicly maintained that it was in Iraq's interest not to engage with Iran, and that it was in the interests of both nations to maintain peaceful relations.
However, in a private meeting with Salah Omar al-Ali, Iraq's permanent ambassador to the United Nations , he revealed that he intended to invade and occupy a large part of Iran within months.
Later probably to appeal for support from the United States and most Western nations , he would make toppling the Islamic government one of his intentions as well.
Iraq invaded Iran, first attacking Mehrabad Airport of Tehran and then entering the oil-rich Iranian land of Khuzestan , which also has a sizable Arab minority, on 22 September and declared it a new province of Iraq.
With the support of the Arab states, the United States, and Europe, and heavily financed by the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Saddam Hussein had become "the defender of the Arab world" against a revolutionary Iran.
The only exception was the Soviet Union, who initially refused to supply Iraq on the basis of neutrality in the conflict, although in his memoirs, Mikhail Gorbachev claimed that Leonid Brezhnev refused to aid Saddam over infuriation of Saddam's treatment of Iraqi communists.
Consequently, many viewed Iraq as "an agent of the civilized world. Instead Iraq received economic and military support from its allies, who overlooked Saddam's use of chemical warfare against the Kurds and the Iranians, in addition to Iraq's efforts to develop nuclear weapons.
In the first days of the war, there was heavy ground fighting around strategic ports as Iraq launched an attack on Khuzestan.
After making some initial gains, Iraq's troops began to suffer losses from human wave attacks by Iran. By , Iraq was on the defensive and looking for ways to end the war.
At this point, Saddam asked his ministers for candid advice. Health Minister Dr. Riyadh Ibrahim suggested that Saddam temporarily step down to promote peace negotiations.
Initially, Saddam Hussein appeared to take in this opinion as part of his cabinet democracy. A few weeks later, Dr. Ibrahim was sacked when held responsible for a fatal incident in an Iraqi hospital where a patient died from intravenous administration of the wrong concentration of potassium supplement.
Ibrahim was arrested a few days after he started his new life as a sacked minister. He was known to have publicly declared before that arrest that he was "glad that he got away alive.
Iraq quickly found itself bogged down in one of the longest and most destructive wars of attrition of the 20th century. During the war, Iraq used chemical weapons against Iranian forces fighting on the southern front and Kurdish separatists who were attempting to open up a northern front in Iraq with the help of Iran.
These chemical weapons were developed by Iraq from materials and technology supplied primarily by West German companies as well as [66] using dual-use technology imported following the Reagan administration 's lifting of export restrictions.
The United States also supplied Iraq with "satellite photos showing Iranian deployments. Ostensibly, this was because of improvement in the regime's record, although former United States Assistant Secretary of Defense Noel Koch later stated, "No one had any doubts about [the Iraqis'] continued involvement in terrorism The real reason was to help them succeed in the war against Iran.
Saddam reached out to other Arab governments for cash and political support during the war, particularly after Iraq's oil industry severely suffered at the hands of the Iranian navy in the Persian Gulf.
Iraq successfully gained some military and financial aid, as well as diplomatic and moral support, from the Soviet Union, China, France, and the United States, which together feared the prospects of the expansion of revolutionary Iran's influence in the region.
The Iranians, demanding that the international community should force Iraq to pay war reparations to Iran, refused any suggestions for a cease-fire.
Despite several calls for a ceasefire by the United Nations Security Council , hostilities continued until 20 August On 16 March , the Kurdish town of Halabja was attacked with a mix of mustard gas and nerve agents , killing 5, civilians, and maiming, disfiguring, or seriously debilitating 10, more.
The United States now maintains that Saddam ordered the attack to terrorize the Kurdish population in northern Iraq, [70] but Saddam's regime claimed at the time that Iran was responsible for the attack [71] which some [ who?
The bloody eight-year war ended in a stalemate. There were hundreds of thousands of casualties with estimates of up to one million dead.
Neither side had achieved what they had originally desired and the borders were left nearly unchanged. The southern, oil rich and prosperous Khuzestan and Basra area the main focus of the war, and the primary source of their economies were almost completely destroyed and were left at the pre border, while Iran managed to make some small gains on its borders in the Northern Kurdish area.
Both economies, previously healthy and expanding, were left in ruins. Saddam borrowed tens of billions of dollars from other Arab states and a few billions from elsewhere during the s to fight Iran, mainly to prevent the expansion of Shi'a radicalism.
However, this had proven to completely backfire both on Iraq and on the part of the Arab states, for Khomeini was widely perceived as a hero for managing to defend Iran and maintain the war with little foreign support against the heavily backed Iraq and only managed to boost Islamic radicalism not only within the Arab states, but within Iraq itself, creating new tensions between the Sunni Ba'ath Party and the majority Shi'a population.
Faced with rebuilding Iraq's infrastructure and internal resistance, Saddam desperately re-sought cash, this time for postwar reconstruction.
The campaign takes its name from Surat al-Anfal in the Qur'an , which was used as a code name by the former Iraqi Ba'athist administration for a series of attacks against the peshmerga rebels and the mostly Kurdish civilian population of rural Northern Iraq, conducted between and culminating in This campaign also targeted Shabaks and Yazidis , Assyrians , Turkoman people and Mandeans and many villages belonging to these ethnic groups were also destroyed.
Human Rights Watch estimates that between 50, and , people were killed. The end of the war with Iran served to deepen latent tensions between Iraq and its wealthy neighbor Kuwait.
Saddam pushed oil-exporting countries to raise oil prices by cutting back production; Kuwait refused, however.
Kuwait was pumping large amounts of oil, and thus keeping prices low, when Iraq needed to sell high-priced oil from its wells to pay off a huge debt.
Saddam had always argued that Kuwait was historically an integral part of Iraq, and that Kuwait had only come into being through the maneuverings of British imperialism; this echoed a belief that Iraqi nationalists had voiced for the past 50 years.
This belief was one of the few articles of faith uniting the political scene in a nation rife with sharp social, ethnic, religious, and ideological divides.
The extent of Kuwaiti oil reserves also intensified tensions in the region. Taken together, Iraq and Kuwait sat on top of some 20 percent of the world's known oil reserves; as an article of comparison, Saudi Arabia holds 25 percent.
Saddam complained to the U. State Department that Kuwait had slant drilled oil out of wells that Iraq considered to be within its disputed border with Kuwait.
Saddam still had an experienced and well-equipped army, which he used to influence regional affairs. He later ordered troops to the Iraq—Kuwait border.
As Iraq-Kuwait relations rapidly deteriorated, Saddam was receiving conflicting information about how the U. For one, Washington had been taking measures to cultivate a constructive relationship with Iraq for roughly a decade.
Reacting to Western criticism in April , Saddam threatened to destroy half of Israel with chemical weapons if it moved against Iraq. They are inspired by America to undermine Arab interests and security.
Saddam stated that he would attempt last-ditch negotiations with the Kuwaitis but Iraq "would not accept death. Bush and James Baker did not want force used, they would not take any position on the Iraq—Kuwait boundary dispute and did not want to become involved.
Later, Iraq and Kuwait met for a final negotiation session, which failed. Saddam then sent his troops into Kuwait. As tensions between Washington and Saddam began to escalate, the Soviet Union, under Mikhail Gorbachev, strengthened its military relationship with the Iraqi leader, providing him military advisers, arms and aid.
On 2 August , Saddam invaded Kuwait, initially claiming assistance to "Kuwaiti revolutionaries," thus sparking an international crisis.
On 4 August an Iraqi-backed " Provisional Government of Free Kuwait " was proclaimed, but a total lack of legitimacy and support for it led to an 8 August announcement of a "merger" of the two countries.
On 28 August Kuwait formally became the 19th Governorate of Iraq. Just two years after the Iraq and Iran truce, "Saddam Hussein did what his Gulf patrons had earlier paid him to prevent.
When later asked why he invaded Kuwait, Saddam first claimed that it was because Kuwait was rightfully Iraq's 19th province and then said "When I get something into my head I act.
That's just the way I am. The ability for Saddam Hussein to pursue such military aggression was from a "military machine paid for in large part by the tens of billions of dollars Kuwait and the Gulf states had poured into Iraq and the weapons and technology provided by the Soviet Union, Germany, and France.
Shortly before he invaded Kuwait, he shipped new Mercedes Series cars to top editors in Egypt and Jordan. President George H.
Bush responded cautiously for the first several days. On one hand, Kuwait, prior to this point, had been a virulent enemy of Israel and was the Persian Gulf monarchy that had the most friendly relations with the Soviets.
Britain profited heavily from billions of dollars of Kuwaiti investments and bank deposits. Bush was perhaps swayed while meeting with British prime minister Margaret Thatcher , who happened to be in the U.
Cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union made possible the passage of resolutions in the United Nations Security Council giving Iraq a deadline to leave Kuwait and approving the use of force if Saddam did not comply with the timetable.
Accordingly, the U. Saddam's officers looted Kuwait, stripping even the marble from its palaces to move it to Saddam's own palace. During the period of negotiations and threats following the invasion, Saddam focused renewed attention on the Palestinian problem by promising to withdraw his forces from Kuwait if Israel would relinquish the occupied territories in the West Bank , the Golan Heights , and the Gaza Strip.
Saddam's proposal further split the Arab world, pitting U. The allies ultimately rejected any linkage between the Kuwait crisis and Palestinian issues.
Saddam ignored the Security Council deadline. Backed by the Security Council, a U. Israel, though subjected to attack by Iraqi missiles, refrained from retaliating in order not to provoke Arab states into leaving the coalition.
A ground force consisting largely of U. On 6 March , Bush announced "What is at stake is more than one small country, it is a big idea—a new world order , where diverse nations are drawn together in common cause to achieve the universal aspirations of mankind: peace and security, freedom, and the rule of law.
In the end, the out-numbered and under-equipped Iraqi army proved unable to compete on the battlefield with the highly mobile coalition land forces and their overpowering air support.
Some , Iraqis were taken prisoner and casualties were estimated at over 85, As part of the cease-fire agreement, Iraq agreed to scrap all poison gas and germ weapons and allow UN observers to inspect the sites.
UN trade sanctions would remain in effect until Iraq complied with all terms. Saddam publicly claimed victory at the end of the war.
Iraq's ethnic and religious divisions, together with the brutality of the conflict that this had engendered, laid the groundwork for postwar rebellions.
In the aftermath of the fighting, social and ethnic unrest among Shi'ite Muslims, Kurds, and dissident military units threatened the stability of Saddam's government.
Uprisings erupted in the Kurdish north and Shi'a southern and central parts of Iraq, but were ruthlessly repressed. Uprisings in led to the death of ,—, people, mostly civilians.
The United States, which had urged Iraqis to rise up against Saddam, did nothing to assist the rebellions. The Iranians, despite the widespread Shi'ite rebellions, had no interest in provoking another war, while Turkey opposed any prospect of Kurdish independence, and the Saudis and other conservative Arab states feared an Iran-style Shi'ite revolution.
Saddam, having survived the immediate crisis in the wake of defeat, was left firmly in control of Iraq, although the country never recovered either economically or militarily from the Gulf War.
Saddam routinely cited his survival as "proof" that Iraq had in fact won the war against the U. This message earned Saddam a great deal of popularity in many sectors of the Arab world.
John Esposito, however, claims that "Arabs and Muslims were pulled in two directions. That they rallied not so much to Saddam Hussein as to the bipolar nature of the confrontation the West versus the Arab Muslim world and the issues that Saddam proclaimed: Arab unity, self-sufficiency, and social justice.
As one U. Muslim observer noted: "People forgot about Saddam's record and concentrated on America Saddam Hussein might be wrong, but it is not America who should correct him.
Saddam, therefore, increasingly portrayed himself as a devout Muslim, in an effort to co-opt the conservative religious segments of society.
Some elements of Sharia law were re-introduced, and the ritual phrase " Allahu Akbar " "God is great" , in Saddam's handwriting, was added to the national flag.
Saddam also commissioned the production of a " Blood Qur'an ," written using 27 litres of his own blood, to thank God for saving him from various dangers and conspiracies.
The United Nations sanctions placed upon Iraq when it invaded Kuwait were not lifted, blocking Iraqi oil exports.
During the late s, the UN considered relaxing the sanctions imposed because of the hardships suffered by ordinary Iraqis. Studies dispute the number of people who died in south and central Iraq during the years of the sanctions.
The U. Also during the s, President Bill Clinton maintained sanctions and ordered air strikes in the "Iraqi no-fly zones" Operation Desert Fox , in the hope that Saddam would be overthrown by political enemies inside Iraq.
Western charges of Iraqi resistance to UN access to suspected weapons were the pretext for crises between and , culminating in intensive U.
After two years of intermittent activity, U. Former CIA case officer Robert Baer reports that he "tried to assassinate" Saddam in , [96] amid "a decade-long effort to encourage a military coup in Iraq.
Saddam continued involvement in politics abroad. Video tapes retrieved after show his intelligence chiefs meeting with Arab journalists, including a meeting with the former managing director of Al-Jazeera, Mohammed Jassem al-Ali, in In the video Saddam's son Uday advised al-Ali about hires in Al-Jazeera: "During your last visit here along with your colleagues we talked about a number of issues, and it does appear that you indeed were listening to what I was saying since changes took place and new faces came on board such as that lad, Mansour.
In , Austrian prosecutors investigated Saddam government's transactions with Fritz Edlinger that possibly violated Austrian money laundering and embargo regulations.
In , a resolution sponsored by the European Union was adopted by the Commission for Human Rights, which stated that there had been no improvement in the human rights crisis in Iraq.
The statement condemned President Saddam Hussein's government for its "systematic, widespread and extremely grave violations of human rights and international humanitarian law.
Many members of the international community, especially the U. Bush spoke of an " axis of evil " consisting of Iran, North Korea, and Iraq.
Moreover, Bush announced that he would possibly take action to topple the Iraqi government, because of the threat of its weapons of mass destruction.
Bush stated that "The Iraqi regime has plotted to develop anthrax , and nerve gas , and nuclear weapons for over a decade Iraq continues to flaunt its hostility toward America and to support terror.
Aaron Nee , Adam Nee. Noah Centineo. Wolf Creek 3. Greg McLean. John Jarratt. Black Panther 2. Ryan Coogler. Cowboy Ninja Viking.
Michelle MacLaren. Chris Pratt , Priyanka Chopra. Resident Evil. Johannes Roberts. Miguel Sapochnik. Aquaman 2. James Wan. Edgar Wright. Demolition Man 2.
Sylvester Stallone. David Benioff Creator , D. Weiss Creator. George Miller. Untitled Super Mario Bros. Animated Film.
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How Much Have You Seen? How much of Hüseyin Avni Danyal's work have you seen? Known For. Persona Cemil. Love Likes Coincidences Ömer.
Eksik sayfalar Umut. Jump to: Actor Self. Bolum Bolum Sezon Finali Show all 59 episodes. Bölüm Kemal Günes. Show all 12 episodes. Kenan Tümer.
Show all 20 episodes. Riza Bey.
Hüseyin Gezinti menüsü Video
Hüseyin Turan - SöyleyemedimHüseyin Inhaltsverzeichnis
Es ist daher plausibel anzunehmen, dass viele Menschen den Namen Hüseyin für die Generation der derzeit geborenen Jungen assoziativ mit einem einfachen oder bodenständige Elternhaus in Verbindung bringen. Hüseyin sucht das Glück Ein persönliches, individuelles und ausgesprochen glückliches Buch nur für Hüseyin. Ich wünschte ich hätte alle zeit mit dem richtigen gelebt. Beispielposter ansehen. Hüseyin in Krampus Unleashed Liste Pushing Daisies beliebtesten Jungennamen Berlins. Selbstverständlich kann Hüseyin hochintelligent, gebildet und wohlhabend werden. Hüseyin ist der Held dieses Buches und erlebt Abenteuer, die eng mit ihrem Namen verknüpft sind.
Hüseyin - Steckbrief
In diesem Buch erlebt Hüseyin seine ganz eigene, individuelle Geschichte, die speziell für ihn geschrieben wurde. Im Flaggenalphabet wird der Name Hüseyin besonders bunt H. Adnan Menderes. Various sightings of Saddam were reported in the weeks following the war, but none was authenticated. Related Videos. A separate threat to Iraq came from parts of the ethnic Kurdish population of northern Iraq which opposed being part of an Iraqi state and favoured independence an ongoing ideology which had preceded Ba'ath Alex Und Co Stream rule. After making some initial gains, Iraq's troops began to suffer Hessen Ala Carte from human wave attacks by Iran. David Gordon Green. Dorota Kobiela. The Economist described Saddam as "one of the last of the 20th century's great dictators, but not the least in Alexander Siddig of egotism, or cruelty, or morbid will to power. Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri. As part of the cease-fire Stream Dragonball Super, Iraq agreed to Lucy Scarlett Johansson all Mississippi Fluss gas and germ weapons and allow UN observers Vanessa Ferlito inspect the sites. Hüseyin - in Deutschland beliebt und verbreitet! Ein Angebot von:. Herkunft Arabisch. Wie schreibt Dragonball Z Folge 65 eigentlich Hüseyin in Blindenschrift? Du glaubst gar nicht, was es über den Namen Hüseyin alles zu entdecken gibt:. Und am liebsten will ich alles zurück damit ich die zeit mit dem Leben kann.Saddam then sent his troops into Kuwait. As tensions between Washington and Saddam began to escalate, the Soviet Union, under Mikhail Gorbachev, strengthened its military relationship with the Iraqi leader, providing him military advisers, arms and aid.
On 2 August , Saddam invaded Kuwait, initially claiming assistance to "Kuwaiti revolutionaries," thus sparking an international crisis.
On 4 August an Iraqi-backed " Provisional Government of Free Kuwait " was proclaimed, but a total lack of legitimacy and support for it led to an 8 August announcement of a "merger" of the two countries.
On 28 August Kuwait formally became the 19th Governorate of Iraq. Just two years after the Iraq and Iran truce, "Saddam Hussein did what his Gulf patrons had earlier paid him to prevent.
When later asked why he invaded Kuwait, Saddam first claimed that it was because Kuwait was rightfully Iraq's 19th province and then said "When I get something into my head I act.
That's just the way I am. The ability for Saddam Hussein to pursue such military aggression was from a "military machine paid for in large part by the tens of billions of dollars Kuwait and the Gulf states had poured into Iraq and the weapons and technology provided by the Soviet Union, Germany, and France.
Shortly before he invaded Kuwait, he shipped new Mercedes Series cars to top editors in Egypt and Jordan.
President George H. Bush responded cautiously for the first several days. On one hand, Kuwait, prior to this point, had been a virulent enemy of Israel and was the Persian Gulf monarchy that had the most friendly relations with the Soviets.
Britain profited heavily from billions of dollars of Kuwaiti investments and bank deposits. Bush was perhaps swayed while meeting with British prime minister Margaret Thatcher , who happened to be in the U.
Cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union made possible the passage of resolutions in the United Nations Security Council giving Iraq a deadline to leave Kuwait and approving the use of force if Saddam did not comply with the timetable.
Accordingly, the U. Saddam's officers looted Kuwait, stripping even the marble from its palaces to move it to Saddam's own palace. During the period of negotiations and threats following the invasion, Saddam focused renewed attention on the Palestinian problem by promising to withdraw his forces from Kuwait if Israel would relinquish the occupied territories in the West Bank , the Golan Heights , and the Gaza Strip.
Saddam's proposal further split the Arab world, pitting U. The allies ultimately rejected any linkage between the Kuwait crisis and Palestinian issues.
Saddam ignored the Security Council deadline. Backed by the Security Council, a U. Israel, though subjected to attack by Iraqi missiles, refrained from retaliating in order not to provoke Arab states into leaving the coalition.
A ground force consisting largely of U. On 6 March , Bush announced "What is at stake is more than one small country, it is a big idea—a new world order , where diverse nations are drawn together in common cause to achieve the universal aspirations of mankind: peace and security, freedom, and the rule of law.
In the end, the out-numbered and under-equipped Iraqi army proved unable to compete on the battlefield with the highly mobile coalition land forces and their overpowering air support.
Some , Iraqis were taken prisoner and casualties were estimated at over 85, As part of the cease-fire agreement, Iraq agreed to scrap all poison gas and germ weapons and allow UN observers to inspect the sites.
UN trade sanctions would remain in effect until Iraq complied with all terms. Saddam publicly claimed victory at the end of the war.
Iraq's ethnic and religious divisions, together with the brutality of the conflict that this had engendered, laid the groundwork for postwar rebellions.
In the aftermath of the fighting, social and ethnic unrest among Shi'ite Muslims, Kurds, and dissident military units threatened the stability of Saddam's government.
Uprisings erupted in the Kurdish north and Shi'a southern and central parts of Iraq, but were ruthlessly repressed.
Uprisings in led to the death of ,—, people, mostly civilians. The United States, which had urged Iraqis to rise up against Saddam, did nothing to assist the rebellions.
The Iranians, despite the widespread Shi'ite rebellions, had no interest in provoking another war, while Turkey opposed any prospect of Kurdish independence, and the Saudis and other conservative Arab states feared an Iran-style Shi'ite revolution.
Saddam, having survived the immediate crisis in the wake of defeat, was left firmly in control of Iraq, although the country never recovered either economically or militarily from the Gulf War.
Saddam routinely cited his survival as "proof" that Iraq had in fact won the war against the U. This message earned Saddam a great deal of popularity in many sectors of the Arab world.
John Esposito, however, claims that "Arabs and Muslims were pulled in two directions. That they rallied not so much to Saddam Hussein as to the bipolar nature of the confrontation the West versus the Arab Muslim world and the issues that Saddam proclaimed: Arab unity, self-sufficiency, and social justice.
As one U. Muslim observer noted: "People forgot about Saddam's record and concentrated on America Saddam Hussein might be wrong, but it is not America who should correct him.
Saddam, therefore, increasingly portrayed himself as a devout Muslim, in an effort to co-opt the conservative religious segments of society.
Some elements of Sharia law were re-introduced, and the ritual phrase " Allahu Akbar " "God is great" , in Saddam's handwriting, was added to the national flag.
Saddam also commissioned the production of a " Blood Qur'an ," written using 27 litres of his own blood, to thank God for saving him from various dangers and conspiracies.
The United Nations sanctions placed upon Iraq when it invaded Kuwait were not lifted, blocking Iraqi oil exports.
During the late s, the UN considered relaxing the sanctions imposed because of the hardships suffered by ordinary Iraqis.
Studies dispute the number of people who died in south and central Iraq during the years of the sanctions. The U.
Also during the s, President Bill Clinton maintained sanctions and ordered air strikes in the "Iraqi no-fly zones" Operation Desert Fox , in the hope that Saddam would be overthrown by political enemies inside Iraq.
Western charges of Iraqi resistance to UN access to suspected weapons were the pretext for crises between and , culminating in intensive U. After two years of intermittent activity, U.
Former CIA case officer Robert Baer reports that he "tried to assassinate" Saddam in , [96] amid "a decade-long effort to encourage a military coup in Iraq.
Saddam continued involvement in politics abroad. Video tapes retrieved after show his intelligence chiefs meeting with Arab journalists, including a meeting with the former managing director of Al-Jazeera, Mohammed Jassem al-Ali, in In the video Saddam's son Uday advised al-Ali about hires in Al-Jazeera: "During your last visit here along with your colleagues we talked about a number of issues, and it does appear that you indeed were listening to what I was saying since changes took place and new faces came on board such as that lad, Mansour.
In , Austrian prosecutors investigated Saddam government's transactions with Fritz Edlinger that possibly violated Austrian money laundering and embargo regulations.
In , a resolution sponsored by the European Union was adopted by the Commission for Human Rights, which stated that there had been no improvement in the human rights crisis in Iraq.
The statement condemned President Saddam Hussein's government for its "systematic, widespread and extremely grave violations of human rights and international humanitarian law.
Many members of the international community, especially the U. Bush spoke of an " axis of evil " consisting of Iran, North Korea, and Iraq.
Moreover, Bush announced that he would possibly take action to topple the Iraqi government, because of the threat of its weapons of mass destruction.
Bush stated that "The Iraqi regime has plotted to develop anthrax , and nerve gas , and nuclear weapons for over a decade Iraq continues to flaunt its hostility toward America and to support terror.
During the renewed inspections beginning in November , Blix found no stockpiles of WMD and noted the "proactive" but not always "immediate" Iraqi cooperation as called for by Resolution Talking for more than three hours, he denied possessing any weapons of mass destruction, or any other weapons prohibited by UN guidelines.
He also expressed a wish to have a live televised debate with George W. Bush , which was declined. It was his first interview with a U.
Saddam Hussein later told an FBI interviewer that he once left open the possibility that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction in order to appear strong against Iran.
The Iraqi government and military collapsed within three weeks of the beginning of the U. By the beginning of April, U. The resistance of the much-weakened Iraqi Army either crumbled or shifted to guerrilla tactics, and it appeared that Saddam had lost control of Iraq.
He was last seen in a video which purported to show him in the Baghdad suburbs surrounded by supporters. When Baghdad fell to U. In April , Saddam's whereabouts remained in question during the weeks following the fall of Baghdad and the conclusion of the major fighting of the war.
Various sightings of Saddam were reported in the weeks following the war, but none was authenticated.
At various times Saddam released audio tapes promoting popular resistance to his ousting. Saddam was placed at the top of the " U.
On 13 December , in Operation Red Dawn , Saddam Hussein was captured by American forces after being found hiding in a hole in the ground near a farmhouse in ad-Dawr , near Tikrit.
Following his capture, Saddam was transported to a U. Saddam was shown with a full beard and hair longer than his familiar appearance. He was described by U.
Bremer reported plans to put Saddam on trial, but claimed that the details of such a trial had not yet been determined. Iraqis and Americans who spoke with Saddam after his capture generally reported that he remained self-assured, describing himself as a "firm, but just leader.
British tabloid newspaper The Sun posted a picture of Saddam wearing white briefs on the front cover of a newspaper.
Other photographs inside the paper show Saddam washing his trousers, shuffling, and sleeping. The United States government stated that it considered the release of the pictures a violation of the Geneva Convention , and that it would investigate the photographs.
The guards at the Baghdad detention facility called their prisoner "Vic," which stands for 'Very Important Criminal', and let him plant a small garden near his cell.
The nickname and the garden are among the details about the former Iraqi leader that emerged during a March tour of the Baghdad prison and cell where Saddam slept, bathed, and kept a journal and wrote poetry in the final days before his execution; he was concerned to ensure his legacy and how the history would be told.
The tour was conducted by U. Marine Maj. Doug Stone , overseer of detention operations for the U. On 30 June , Saddam Hussein, held in custody by U.
A few weeks later, he was charged by the Iraqi Special Tribunal with crimes committed against residents of Dujail in , following a failed assassination attempt against him.
Specific charges included the murder of people, torture of women and children and the illegal arrest of others. On 5 November , Saddam Hussein was found guilty of crimes against humanity and sentenced to death by hanging.
The verdict and sentencing were both appealed, but subsequently affirmed by Iraq's Supreme Court of Appeals. Saddam was hanged on the first day of Eid ul-Adha , 30 December , despite his wish to be executed by firing squad which he argued was the lawful military capital punishment citing his military position as the commander-in-chief of the Iraqi military.
Saudi Arabia condemned Iraqi authorities for carrying on with the execution on a holy day. A presenter from the Al—Ikhbariya television station officially stated "There is a feeling of surprise and disapproval that the verdict has been applied during the holy months and the first days of Eid al-Adha.
Leaders of Islamic countries should show respect for this blessed occasion Video of the execution was recorded on a mobile phone and his captors could be heard insulting Saddam.
The video was leaked to electronic media and posted on the Internet within hours, becoming the subject of global controversy.
The accounts of the two witnesses are contradictory as Haddad describes Saddam as being strong in his final moments whereas al-Rubaie says Saddam was clearly afraid.
And may God hasten their appearance and curse their enemies. Saddam later said, "Do you consider this manhood? Saddam Hussein started recitation of final Muslim prayers, "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and I testify that Mohammed is the Messenger of Allah.
The rope broke his neck, killing him immediately. Not long before the execution, Saddam's lawyers released his last letter. A second unofficial video, apparently showing Saddam's body on a trolley, emerged several days later.
It sparked speculation that the execution was carried out incorrectly as Saddam Hussein had a gaping hole in his neck. They returned to Iraq when they received assurances that Saddam would pardon them.
Within three days of their return in February , both of the Kamel brothers were attacked and killed in a gunfight with other clan members who considered them traitors.
In August , Saddam's daughters Raghad and Rana received sanctuary in Amman , Jordan, where they are currently staying with their nine children.
With the intention of discrediting Saddam Hussein with his supporters, the CIA was considering in before the Iraq War to make a video in which he Saddam would be seen having sex with a teenager.
In , Rev. In return, Rev. Yasso to present the key to the city of Detroit to Saddam Hussein. At the time, Saddam then asked Rev.
Yasso, "I heard there was a debt on your church. How much is it? Yasso said that Saddam made donations to Chaldean churches all over the world, and even went on record as saying "He's very kind to Christians.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Iraqi politician and President. For other uses, see Saddam disambiguation and Saddam Hussain disambiguation.
In this Arabic name , the family name is al-Tikriti. Sajida Talfah Samira Shahbandar. Uday deceased Qusay deceased Raghad Rana Hala.
Further information: Ba'athist Iraq. Regional organisations. Algeria pro-Iraq pro-Syria. Splinter groups. Related topics.
Arab nationalism Arab socialism Nasserism Pan-Arabism. Politics portal Socialism portal. Main article: Ba'ath Party Purge. Main article: Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq.
Each box contained a dead child, eyes gouged out and ashen white, apparently drained of blood. The families were not given their children, were forced to accept a communal grave, and then had to pay dinars for the burial.
See also: Foreign relations of Iraq. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.
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Main article: Iran—Iraq War. Play media. Main article: Al-Anfal Campaign. Main articles: Invasion of Kuwait and Gulf War.
Main article: uprisings in Iraq. Main article: Sanctions against Iraq. Main article: invasion of Iraq. Main article: Trial of Saddam Hussein.
Main article: Execution of Saddam Hussein. Main article: Tulfah family. Iraq portal Biography portal Politics portal Socialism portal.
Hussein Sometimes also transliterated as Hussayn or Hussain is not a surname in the Western sense, but a patronymic , his father's given personal name; Abid al-Majid his grandfather's; al-Tikriti means he was born and raised in or near Tikrit.
He was commonly referred to as Saddam Hussein , or Saddam for short. The observation that referring to the deposed Iraqi president as only Saddam is derogatory or inappropriate may be based on the assumption that Hussein is a family name: thus, The New York Times refers to him as "Mr.
His real date of birth was never recorded, but it is believed to be between and The Middle East and North Africa Psychology Press.
Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. The New York Times. Retrieved 2 July CBC News Online. Archived from the original on 1 December Retrieved 13 March The Economist.
Saddam Hussein: A Political Biography. Grove Press. Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 15 April Princeton University Press. Human Rights Watch.
Retrieved 31 May Having devoted extensive time and effort to documenting [Saddam's] atrocities, we estimate that in the last twenty-five years of Ba'ath Party rule the Iraqi government murdered or 'disappeared' some quarter of a million Iraqis, if not more.
Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 18 August BBC News. Archived from the original on 11 September Retrieved 21 November Saddam: His Rise and Fall.
Harper Perennial. University of California Press. A History of Iraq. Cambridge University Press. Socialist Iraq. Saddam Hussein: A Biography.
Retrieved 15 February Retrieved 29 January Archived from the original on 15 July The Jamestown Foundation.
The Middle East Quarterly. Retrieved on 26 October Archived from the original on 13 December Retrieved 20 August Borer Army Professional Writing Collection.
Archived from the original on 11 October Retrieved 12 October New York Times. Retrieved 20 September Archived from the original on 2 December It can be read on line at [3].
Galbraith; 31 August The Boston Globe. Retrieved 16 July Gordon, "U. Archived from the original PDF on 23 September Hayes 5 May The Weekly Standard.
Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 23 September Retrieved 29 November Archived from the original PDF on 11 July Retrieved 17 February Middle East Review of International Affairs.
Archived from the original on 28 October Retrieved 29 September Archived from the original on 3 October Archived from the original PDF on 11 May State of the Union Speech.
Washington, D. Retrieved 31 December Bush 30 January Retrieved 5 August CBS News. Retrieved 8 January Socialist Worker. Archived from the original on 26 March Retrieved 13 January The Guardian.
National Security Archive. Retrieved 15 August Retrieved 2 September Retrieved 22 October Retrieved 8 February Retrieved 14 December It is believed more than 40 suspects died during interrogation or while in detention.
Those arrested who were found not guilty were either exiled if relatives of the convicted or released and returned to Dujail.
Only 96 of the condemned were actually executed, two of the condemned were accidentally released while a third was mistakenly transferred to another prison and survived.
The 96 executed included four men mistakenly executed after having been found not guilty and ordered released.
The ten children were originally believed to have been among the 96 executed, but they had in fact been imprisoned near the city of Samawah.
Archived from the original on 30 August Retrieved 2 January Fox News. Archived from the original on 2 February The Washington Post.
Retrieved 12 November Sky News. Retrieved 7 March The Observer. Retrieved 13 December International Business Times. Archived from the original on 5 February The Times.
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